Krzyzowski J. [Clinical evaluation of the apparatus for electroconvulsive therapy type AMX501 manufactured by the Consultation and Technical Services Center inGdansk].Psychiatria Polska. 23(5-6):418-9, 1989.

Lemanczyk W. Kordacka M. [A short test of psychological status in the diagnosis of dementia].Psychiatria Polska. 23(5-6):421-2, 1989.

Grabowska B. Klajs K. [Organizational principles and theoretical basis of psychotherapy of neurosesat the I Psychiatric Clinic, Medical Academy, in Lodz].Psychiatria Polska. 23(5-6):423-6, 1989.

Kanarkowski R. Rybakowski J. [Clinical pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine].[58]Psychiatria Polska. 23(5-6):379-86, 1989.

Tyra TL. [Various methods of differential diagnosis of borderline personalitydisorders].[13]Psychiatria Polska. 23(5-6):396-402, 1989.

Rutkowski R. Gordon T. [General problems of expert testimony of psychiatrists and clinicalpsychologists in legal procedures and the suggestions for their cooperation].Psychiatria Polska. 23(5-6):403-11, 1989.

Chrostek L. Szmitkowski M. [Enzymatic diagnosis of alcoholism-induced damage of internal organs].Psychiatria Polska. 23(5-6):353-60, 1989. Sep-Dec.++Post-alcoholic lesion of liver, pancreas, and heart muscle was estimated by measurement of some enzymes activity. Alcoholic in-patients were divided into two groups in regard to the age and the length of the disease. The activity of enzymes in the blood was measured by kinetic methods using the RA-1000/Technicon analyser. It was shown that the increase of activity of alanine aminotransferase (AlAT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGTP), and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) may indicate the ++post-alcoholic liver damage, while increase of activity of alpha-+-amylase and ++leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) may be useful for the diagnosis of pancreas lesion, and creatine kinase (CK) as well as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) for the evaluation of postalcoholic lesion of the heart muscle.

Gordon T. Rutkowski R. [Psychological diagnosis in the evaluation of mental status of criminaloffenders].Psychiatria Polska. 23(5-6):412-7, 1989.

Krzyminski S. [Treatment of depression in old age].[58]Psychiatria Polska. 23(5-6):387-95, 1989.

Leszek J. Kowal-Gierczak B. [Immunological aspects of the treatment of various forms of Alzheimer'sdisease].[40]Psychiatria Polska. 23(5-6):373-8, 1989.

Walecka W. Habrat E. [The course of the disease and the effectiveness of chemotherapy in patientswith bipolar disorder and the indicators of organic brain damage inpsychological tests].Psychiatria Polska. 23(5-6):367-72, 1989. Sep-Dec.The work is the part of the investigations on central nervous system condition in bipolar patients and on the correlation between structural changes in central nervous system and the course of the disease as well as the pharmacotherapy efficacy. By use the psychological battery (WAIS, Benton Gestalt Test, L. Bender test) 19 male and 13 female bipolar patients (total 32) with at least 10 years lasting course of the disease were studied. Patients mean age was 52.4. Patients were evaluated during remission or during the subdepressive phase. The statistical analysis revealed significant correlation only between the indexes of central nervous system organic damage in psychological evaluation and the age and length of the disease.

Habrat E. Walecka W. Kryst-Widzikowska T. [Indicators of organic brain damage in psychological tests and the results ofcomputerized tomography (CT) of the brain of patients with bipolar disorder].Psychiatria Polska. 23(5-6):361-6, 1989. Sep-Dec.Computerized tomography of the head and psychological evaluation by use the WAIS, Benton Gestalt Test, and L. Bender battery was performed in 32 bipolar patients. CT revealed structural changes in 90% of subjects while only 47% of patients showed organic features in psychological evaluation. No significant correlations were found between the character and severity of changes in psychological tests, and the abnormalities found in CT. Practical implications of applied investigations were discussed.

Zdrojewicz Z. Iwankiewicz G. Rutkowski J. Kasprzak K. [Two cases of somnambulism].Psychiatria Polska. 23(4):343-6, 1989.

Lemanczyk W. Kordacka M. [Dementia syndromes in hospitalized chronic schizophrenics (letter)].Psychiatria Polska. 23(4):342, 1989.

Lemanczyk W. Kordacka M. [Expert evaluation by forensic psychiatrists of aged delinquents].Psychiatria Polska. 23(4):307-13, 1989. In the period from 1970 till 1987.  forensic psychiatric certification of 1333 delinquents war made in Regional Psychiatric Hospital in Ciborz. Forty experts (3%) regarded subjects aged 60 years or more. The most common crimes were those against life and health--62.5%; predominantly homicides, assaults and assaults on public functioning, as well as arson--10%. Among male delinquents 68% were under the influence of alcohol at the time of crime of arson and assaults. Other common crime were establish in 15%. Only 1 patient was accused of sexual child abuse (2.5%). Women made 20% of offenders; one half of them committed the crime against life and health, mainly menace. Mental disturbances were found in 90% of patients. Dementia was diagnosed in 20%, organic personality disorder in 30%, and pseudoneurotic syndrome in 15%. Delusional syndrome was diagnosed in 15% while 5% of patients had long history of psychiatric disorders. 35% of expertise were made during single psychiatric interview. It is our opinion that a single examination of aged delinquent does not allow the correct evaluation of the influence of complex relations between possible mental disturbances, somatic illness, drugs (often various pathology and polytherapy) and alcohol, on delinquent's soundness of mind. Taking into consideration the widespread of above mentioned disturbances in the aged population we think that every person in the age above 60 suspected of crime should undergo psychiatric evaluation and hospital observation.

Zaniecka M. Rybakowski J. [The Rorschach test in the diagnosis of schizophrenia].Psychiatria Polska. 23(4):300-6, 1989. Rorschach test was performed in 20 schizophrenics and 20 patients with endogenous depression. The results were interpreted according to Piotrowski system by using the computer elaboration of data. At least a half of schizophrenics showed abnormal values of following: index alpha indexes (impairment of external and internal activity), %D (analytic, practical thinking) %H + Hd (attitude toward people), %F + p (correctness of thinking). The comparison with the endogenous depression group revealed however only the %F + p significant difference between both groups of patients (values in depressed patients were within normal range). The comparison of schizophrenia and depression group regarding other results of the test their configuration showed more often answers of anatomic and sexual content, more often popular answers, and larger number of introverts in the group of schizophrenia. In the depressive group larger was the number of refusal to answer after presentation of some test tables. The results confirm several abnormalities in various indexes in Rorschach test psychogram among patients with schizophrenia. At the same time they shake the opinion of relative diagnostic specificity of the test because several similar abnormalities were found in patients with endogenous depression.

Dabkowski M. Ziolkowski M. Rogiewicz M. Rybakowski J. [Severity of alcohol dependence and social functioning of male patients withalcoholism. II. Functioning in parental, employee's and autonomous roles].Psychiatria Polska. 23(4):294-9, 1989. The relations between social functioning and severity of alcohol dependence of 40 male patients from Dependence Treatment Ward in Bydgoszcz were studied. Using the MAST, CAGE, and self clinical scale the cohort was divided into two groups: less and more severe dependent probands. The demographic and social data of patients from both groups did not differ significantly. Social functioning was evaluated by use the Scale of Social Roles taking into consideration the set of basic roles: role of guardian, family support, educator, superior, subordinate, member of social group, patient, and the role of child. The dispositions to perform the role, privileges, fulfilling the duties, activity, and harmonization of the role were estimated in each of the role mentioned above and in every patient. It was shown that subjects more dependent on alcohol are significantly less active in the role of family support, educator, subordinate, and they possess significantly less dispositions to the role of educator and superior. No differences were shown between the groups regarding other characteristics of each role. The comparison of joint structural elements of the whole set of roles among more dependent patients showed deficits of social functioning as follow: the impairment of dispositions and fulfilling of duties as well as lesser activity, in comparison with less dependent probands. The level of privileges obtained from the roles did not differ in both groups. The specific influence of alcohol dependence severity on the way of social functioning demonstrated in the study may show the directions of therapy.

Dabkowski M. Rogiewicz M. Ziolkowski M. Rybakowski J. [Severity of alcohol dependence and social functioning of male patients withalcoholism. I. Functioning in the sharing of marital roles].Psychiatria Polska. 23(4):287-93, 1989. The relations between social functioning and severity of alcohol dependence of 40 male patients from Dependence Treatment Ward in Bydgoszcz were studied. Using the MAST, CAGE, and self clinical scale the cohort was divided into two groups: less and more severe dependent probands. The demographic and social data of patients from both groups did not differ significantly. Social functiong was evaluated by use the Scale of Social Roles taking into consideration the set of marital roles (with basic roles of sexual partner, friend, guardian, and family support). The disposition to perform the role, privileges, fulfilling the duties, activity, and harmonization of the role were estimated in each of the role mentioned above and in every patient. It was shown that subjects more dependent on alcohol are significantly less active in the role of sexual partner and in support of family, as well as are less effective in performing such roles and are more egoistic in the role of sexual partner than men less dependent on alcohol. No differences were found in other roles among studied groups. The revealed differences were discussed in the aspect of psychologica and interactive hanges in marital couple.

Grzywa A. [Delusions as a multidimensional phenomenon].Psychiatria Polska. 23(4):278-86, 1989. The new scientific approach to the problem of delusions--the search for their internal structure, emerges in the literature. The aim of the study is both the presentation of self-constructed Scale of Delusional Dimensions, and the presentation of results obtained by the use of the that particular scale. The scale consists of seven subscales dealing with various dimensions of delusional thinking: conviction, preoccupation, coherence, objectivity, range, eccentricity, and the influence on behaviour. Each of the subscales includes five statements which describe the traits of delusions and their dimensions. One hundred paranoid schizophrenic patients were examined by the use of Scale and data were statistically analysed. The significant correlations between the features in each dimensions prove their independence from each other. It raises the conclusion that delusions are multidimensional phenomenon, i.e., they possess a complex structure. On this basis one may predict that each dimension may change independently in the course of disease and healing. It appeared that relatively low correlations exist between some features of delusions located in various dimensions, which allows to predict only the tendency to coupling of individual traits of delusions.

Zaluska M. [Heart rhythm reactivity in patients with endogenous depression. I.Respiratory tests].Psychiatria Polska. 23(4):271-7, 1989. The aim of the study was the evaluation of central autonomic regulation in endogenous depression. It was based on estimation of heart rhythm reactivity to physiologic stimuli with regards to the dependence between the severity of anxiety and the reactivity. In thirty healthy subjects, fourteen neurotics and thirty patients with endogenous depression intensity of anxiety and depression symptoms was measured. The measurements included: heart beat rate and respiratory rate in rest, amplitude of heart rhythm changes during normal breathing and both during hyperventilation and Valsalva test, the time of duration of heart rhythm acceleration in Valsalva test, and the index of termination of heart beat rate in hyperventilation test. It was proved the domination of excitability and reactivity to weak and short stimuli, and the functional dominance of sympathetic system in endogenous depression. No dependence was found between autonomic system reactivity in depression and the intensity of anxiety. The results may indicate that one part of vegetative disturbances in endogenous depression is not connected with anxiety but results from other pathogenetic mechanisms of depressive syndrome.

Rybakowski J. Wankiewicz G. [Mechanism of the psychotropic action of carbamazepine].[42]Psychiatria Polska. 23(4):314-21, 1989.

Pawliczak G. [The role of psychotherapy in patients with epilepsy].[15]Psychiatria Polska. 23(4):328-34, 1989.

Rybakowski J. Jankowiak E. [Plasma and erythrocyte electrolytes in endogenous depression--neurophysiologic implications].Psychiatria Polska. 23(4):265-70, 1989. The serum concentration of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium as well as the level of sodium, potassium, and magnesium in RBC were measured in 45 patients with endogenous depression. The group consisted of 30 female and 15 male patients in the age from 17 to 56 years, during the depressive phase of illness and in remission. The control group formed 31 healthy subjects, 22 female and 9 male aged 27-56 years. The concentration of all mentioned cations in erythrocytes during depressive phase was lower in female patients than among healthy controls. In the group of male depressive patients lower level of magnesium in serum and RBC and higher serum level of calcium was stated. The concentrations of measured electrolytes in both male and female patients in remission did not differ from the values in healthy persons which suggests the dependence of distribution changes of studied cations on the phase of illness. The disturbances of cations distribution in depression found in the study may be connected with the weakness of ATPases which transport these cations through the cell membrane.

Plaznik A. Kostowski W. [Neurotransmitter mechanisms in stress and their role in the pathogenesis ofdepression; preclinical tests].[33]Psychiatria Polska. 23(4):322-7, 1989.

Allotey S. [The role of life events in affective diseases and schizophrenia]. [30]Psychiatria Polska. 23(4):335-41, 1989.

Banas A. [Diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties in masked depression syndrome].Psychiatria Polska. 23(3):244-7, 1989.

Slawinska JB. Gaul M. Matkowski M. [Diagnostic value of the MMPI alcoholism scales in assessing the risk ofalcohol dependence among students].Psychiatria Polska. 23(3):194-9, 1989. The aim of the work was to establish the usefulness of alcoholism scales enclosed in MMPI for the evaluation of risk of alcohol dependence among college students. The results of 1255 college students from different schools and various years of studium were reviewed. The risk of alcohol dependence was established by analysing the frequency of drinking and the amount of alcohol consumed; this allowed to separate the group with "high" and "low" risk of alcohol dependence. Three patterns of alcohol use were established based on subject's personality: with predominance of extraversion, with neurotism, and with character disorders. The study revealed satisfactionary accuracy of following scales: Al-Hampton, Am-Holmes, MAC-MacAndrews, SAL 1, SAL 2-Paluchowski. Results allowed the elaboration of norms for scales mentioned above.

Pawlik B. [Interpersonal decentration in studies of schizophrenia].Psychiatria Polska. 23(3):190-3, 1989. The aim of the work was to establish the difference in the ability to interpersonal decentration between subjects suffering from schizophrenia and mentally healthy controls. The studies performed were also the basis for creation the hypothetical pattern of the deficit in interpersonal decentration which characterizes the behaviour of schizophrenics. Mentally ill patients presented lower level of decentric abilities in comparison with healthy controls. Presented empiric results showed that the specificity of interpersonal decentration (which was understood as an ability to, and actually realized behaviour) was based on extremely subjective outlook of reality which causes the elongation of psychological distance between patient and his/her social environment.

Grzywa A. [Factor analysis of the features of delusions].Psychiatria Polska. 23(3):176-83, 1989. The aim of the study was the analysis of the frequency of various traits of delusions and the search for smaller number of factors which create delusional beliefs by using the factor analysis. The cohort consisted of 100 patients with the diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia according to DSM-III who presented delusions at the time of evaluation. Author's Scale of Delusional Dimension which consisted of 34 items describing several traits of delusions, was used. Statistical elaboration of data allowed to point out following conclusions: 1. Analysis of the frequency of particular traits of delusions shows their high subjective variability in several patients, with the exception of features which indicate the deep conviction in truthful beliefs, and features indicating their influence of patient's behaviour. 2. Factor analysis revealed that all evaluated traits create 5 independent factors: I. engagement-eccentricity, II. certainty, III. influence on behaviour-extent, IV. range of influence, V. delusional construction. 3. Results show the complexity of the phenomenon of delusions and suggest further investigations especially with dynamic aspects.

Banas A. Leszczynski L. [Follow-up evaluation of the results of the treatment of 40 cases of anxietyneurosis].Psychiatria Polska. 23(3):169-75, 1989. The follow-up study lasting 2 to 7 years of 40 patients with diagnosis of anxiety neurosis hospitalized in the Department of Psychiatry, Medical Academy Gdansk, was performed. Only in 9 cases "pure" neurosis was observed. In the majority of cases neurosis was accompanied by histrionic traits. The possibility of organic brain damage was raised in 7 cases. No symptoms of anxiety were found in 14 cases during the follow-up period, while in 15 cases substantial decrease of anxiety symptoms was found, and in 11 cases anxiety symptoms relapsed. The dependence between therapeutic results and time of duration of symptoms was noted. Direct results of treatment did not differ significantly from those found in follow-up studies.

Nasierowski T. [Simulation of mental illness by Jozef Pilsudski with subsequent escape fromthe St. Nicholas the Thaumaturge Hospital in St. Petersburg].Psychiatria Polska. 23(3):232-43, 1989.

Krzyminski S. [Depression and reversible dementia in old age].[34]Psychiatria Polska. 23(3):209-16, 1989.

Kostowski W. Pucilowski O. [Central dopaminergic mechanisms and the effect of ethyl alcohol]. [40]Psychiatria Polska. 23(3):200-8, 1989.

Rembowski J. [Sympathy and empathy in medical practice].[15]Psychiatria Polska. 23(3):228-31, 1989.

Rutkowski R. Waszkiewicz E. Ludwikowska U. [Psychiatric aspects of the new codification of civil law in Poland]. [13]Psychiatria Polska. 23(3):224-7, 1989.

Stach R. Zieba A. Kubiak J. Wasieczko A. Piotrowicz M. Mrozek C. Polewka A. [Cognitive theories of depression. I. Beck's theory and the theory ofsusceptibility of Brown and Harris].[16]Psychiatria Polska. 23(3):217-23, 1989.

Borys B. [Intro- and extraversion in patients with neuroses as factors differentiatingthe effect of diazepam on psychomotor function].Psychiatria Polska. 23(3):184-9, 1989. The influence of various diazepam doses on selected psychomotor functions in neurotic patients was studied with regard to introversion and extraversion. The group consisted of 110 patients randomly selected into diazepam group (60 cases) and placebo group (50 subjects). In each group introvertics (24 treated with diazepam and 13 with placebo) as well as extravertics (15 subjects receiving diazepam and 12 placebo) were selected. Further analysis excluded 36 ambivertics. Results did not suggest substantial dependence between introversion and extraversion, and effect of diazepam on psychomotor functions. Only the negative effect of certain diazepam doses on visualmotor coordination in introvertic patients, as well as such influence on time of reaction with choice was found. It regards to diazepam doses of 10 mg t.i.d. after 7-10 days of treatment, and also the influence of single dose of 10 mg diazepam after 3-4 hours on visual-motor coordination as well.

Kowal-Gierczak B. Leszek J. Wasik A. Kiejna A. Juskowiak A. [The cerebral form of Sjogren's syndrome].Psychiatria Polska. 23(1):64-7, 1989.

Rutkowski R. [Clinical notes for evaluating soundness of mind and compliance to drugpreventive measures in cases of narcotic use].Psychiatria Polska. 23(2):146-53, 1989.

Krzymi. nski S. [Are the patients with senile dementia of the alzheimer type physically morehealthy?].Psychiatria Polska. 23(2):163-4, 1989.

Terminska K. Mrowiec W. [Comparative studies of the effects of perazine, fluphenazine,trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine and haloperidol on primary and deficitsymptoms of paranoid schizophrenia].Psychiatria Polska. 23(1):24-30, 1989. In order to evaluate the influence of some neuroleptics on unproductive symptoms of schizophrenic process, first hospitalized patients with paranoid schizophrenia underwent monotherapy with perazine, fluphenazine, trifluoroperazine, chlorpromazine, and haloperidol. All the drugs eliminated the productive activity of the disease process within 2 months in both women and men aged 18-40 years. However, drugs showed different qualitative and quantitative effects on unproductive symptoms of schizophrenic process; this fact allows the suggestion regarding the particular usefulness of drugs in the out-patient care.

Krzyminski S. [Neuroleptic drugs in geriatric psychiatry].Psychiatria Polska. 23(1):36-43, 1989.

Sep-Kowalikowa B. [Clinical aspects, pathogenesis and treatment of neuroleptic malignantsyndrome].[40]Psychiatria Polska. 23(1):44-53, 1989.

Nowakowska C. Chlopocka-Wozniak M. Strzyzewski W. [Clinical evaluation of Hydiphen in the treatment of endogenous depression].Psychiatria Polska. 23(1):10-7, 1989. The antidepressive effect of Hydiphen was evaluated and compared with imipramine in patients with endogenous depression. The Hydiphen group consisted of 23, and imipramine group of 22 subjects. The evaluation was made using psychometric scales, orthostatic test, ecg, and laboratory tests before treatment as well as during and after the clinical trial. The results proved the antidepressive effect of Hydiphen, in particular its influence on psychomotor activity, and on both mood and anxiety. In comparison to imipramine Hydiphen's++' influence on vegetative symptoms was less pronounced and the drug showed less cardiotoxicity.

Jakubik A. [Personality functioning in paranoid schizophrenia. A systemic approach]. [40]Psychiatria Polska. 23(1):54-63, 1989.

Kostowski W. Plaznik A. [The serotonin concept of depression in light of the mechanism of action ofantidepressant drugs].[41]Psychiatria Polska. 23(2):117-24, 1989.

Linka M. Rybakowski J. [The concept of negative and positive symptoms in schizophrenia]. [40]Psychiatria Polska. 23(2):125-32, 1989.

Motak E. [The role of some personality mechanisms in alcohol dependency syndrome]. [23]Psychiatria Polska. 23(2):140-5, 1989.

Jaroszewski Z. Dziduszko T. Muszynska-Kutner A. [Alcohol consumption and alcohol-induced psychoses in Poland in the years1956-1986. ].Psychiatria Polska. 23(2):97-103, 1989. The dependence between alcohol psychoses morbidity and the average alcohol consumption in Poland in the period of time from 1956 till 1986.  was studied. Alcohol consumption in Poland between 1981 and 1986.  was different than during all previous post-war period. Therefore, the analysis of dependence between alcohol psychoses morbidity and alcohol consumption was performed in 2 periods of time: 1956-1980 and 1981-1986. The frequency of the first hospitalization of men with alcohol psychoses for 100,000 of population was accepted as an alcohol psychoses morbidity factor. As an indicator of alcohol consumption the average consumption of all kind of alcohol beverages in conversion to pure alcohol per capita per year was accepted. During the years 1956-1980 such dependence was demonstrated as a square function: y = .3 X2, with the correlation coefficient r = .99, where X designates the average alcohol consumption per person per year. and y denotes the morbidity with alcohol psychoses. During the years 1981-1986.  the decline of such dependence was observed (r = .65). In 1981 there was rapid decrease of alcohol consumption; such decrease intensified slightly in 1982. This went with deep decline of alcohol psychoses morbidity. In the years 1983. -1985.  rapid increase of alcohol psychoses morbidity incomparable with a slight increase of alcohol consumption was found. In 1986.  small alcohol consumption was accompanied with inconsiderable fall of morbidity.(250 WORDS)

Strzyzewski W. Rajewski A. Sydor L. Zelechowska-Ruda E. Jaracz J. [Evaluation of clinical and neurophysiological markers of depressive disorderwith symptoms of peripheral and brain circulation disturbance].Psychiatria Polska. 23(2):89-96, 1989. The evaluation of neurophysiological markers during imipramine treatment of 60 patients with endogenous depression was made. These markers were evaluated in 2 groups of patients: with cardio-vascular, and with brain circulation disturbances; both groups equal 30 subjects. During thymoleptic treatment of patients with circulation disturbances, elevated level of anxiety and statistically significant lower simple and complex reactivity of central nervous system were found. Such reactivity did not improve during the treatment in this group of patients. The lack of improvement of above mentioned parameters under imipramine may be the factor that elucidates the pathomechanism of chronic course of depression in old age. The improvement of circulation conditions, along with the thymoleptic therapy, should have the crucial importance for the therapeutic effect.

Ponikiewska W. [Psychiatric hospital in Sidi-Bel-Abbes in Algeria].Psychiatria Polska. 23(2):162-3, 1989.

Terminska K. [Unsatisfied need for love as an imaginary cause of suicide attempt in aschizophrenic patient].Psychiatria Polska. 23(2):157-61, 1989.

Gudel I. Rutkiewicz W. [Paranoid syndrome as a cause for consideration concerning the prognosis ofencephalopathy].Psychiatria Polska. 23(2):154-6, 1989.

Zieba A. Kubiak J. Wasieczko A. Piotrowicz M. Mrozek C. Polewka A. Stach R. [Cognitive theories of depression. Part II. Theory of learned helplessness.Testing critical analysis of a presented theory].Psychiatria Polska. 23(2):133-9, 1989.

Slawinska JB. [The risk of alcohol abuse among college students].Psychiatria Polska. 23(2):111-6, 1989. Using MMPI and A. Ruth Engs, questionnaire 493 female and male college students were evaluated. It was found that the alcohol abuse was accompanied by factors like: anxiety, impulsiveness, weak self-control, and low self-esteem. The high negative variability exists between all scales of risk, the attitude towards oneself, and educational achievements.

Komender J. [Psychosocial problems of epileptic children and their families].Psychiatria Polska. 23(2):104-10, 1989. Families of 156 children and adolescents in the age from 10 to 18 years were studied. Epilepsy was diagnosed in 118 patients; control group consisted of 38 subjects with cognitive and emotional dysfunction due to minimal-brain damage. Author used the standardized interview of parents and ill child. All children underwent psychiatric and neurologic examination. The laboratory tests which confirmed the diagnosis of epilepsy or the organic background of mental disturbances in control group without epilepsy, as well as psychological tests were done. On the basis of these investigations it was found that epilepsy in children had the influence on child's and its family functioning. Such influence was more pronounced among children who fail to remain seizure-free after therapy, and in whom seizures were accompanied by chronic mental disorders. The vicious circle mechanism was found in several cases. The child's disorder caused negative reaction of family members, which in turn unfavourably influenced child's functioning and behaviour. According to the author these statements are of great importance for psycho-sociotherapy.

Afeltowicz Z. [Equipment for electroconvulsive therapy].Psychiatria Polska. 23(1):70, 1989.

Wandzel L. Falicki Z. [Visual hallucinations in schizophrenia--analysis of clinical cases].Psychiatria Polska. 23(1):31-5, 1989.

Magiera P. Smoczynski S. [Various hemodynamic indicators in patients with endogenous depression beforeand during amitriptyline treatment].Psychiatria Polska. 23(1):18-23, 1989. The hemodynamic tests using radiocardiographic method, as well as the evaluation of mental status with the help of rating scales was made in 34 patients with endogenous depression. Following differences between depressive patients and age-matched controls were found: higher heart rate (HR), higher systolic arterial pressure (SAP), higher diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), slightly higher systolic index (SI), and higher total peripheral resistance index (TPRI). In addition it was found that HR and TPRI show positive correlation with the intensity of anxiety in Hamilton's++' scale. Two-week lasting amitriptyline treatment partially corrects the unfavourable hemodynamic effects.

Jakubik A. [Theoretical and methodologic bases of systems in psychiatry].Psychiatria Polska. 23(1):1-9, 1989.