Rybakowski J. Ziolkowski M. Filek W. Modrzejewski B. Katedry i Kliniki Psychiatrii AM w Bydgoszczy. [Social functioning of patients with alcohol dependence treated withdisulfiram at the substance abuse treatment center].Psychiatria Polska. 24(4):20-4, 1990. The effect of disulfiram ("Anticol") treatment lasting from 7 to 12 months of 57 alcohol dependent out-patients was evaluated. The satisfactory results (i.e. patients remained abstinent and took the medication regularly) were observed in 30 patients. Those patients did not differ from others in regard to age, length of alcohol abuse, the severity of dependence, the genetic encumbrance , the features of alexithymia , and the membership of AA-clubs. The percentage of patients with positive treatment results was significantly higher among subjects with high self-motivation to treatment, among married subjects, and among those professionally active. The findings are similar to the recent American results where about a half of alcoholics showed positive effects of disulfiram treatment, especially those with high motivation to the treatment and with the stabile social position.

Stomma D. Witkowska H. Grzegorczyk J. Niedzielska A. Puzynska E. Kliniki Psychiatrii Dzieci i Mlodziezy Instytutu Psychiatrii i Neurologii. [Characteristics of the development and mental status of siblings of neuroticchildren].Psychiatria Polska. 24(6):19-25, 1990. 150 children were examined. They were divided into two groups. The first group was composed of the children hospitalized with the diagnosis of neurotic disorder, the second one of their brothers and sisters of similar age (7-13) nontreated psychiatrically. There were statistically significant differences between these two groups in the following ways: 1) pathology of the pre- and postnatal periods, 2) psychomotor development and somatic state during the infantile age, 3) emotional development during the preschool period.

Grzywa A. Katedry i Kliniki Psychiatrii AM w Lublinie. [Delusions of misidentification].[20]Psychiatria Polska. 24(6):41-5, 1990.

Lamparska E. Smoczynski S. Katedry i I Kliniki Chorob Psychicznych AM w Gdansku. [Psychotic syndromes in patients with organic brain damage in the light ofclinical analysis].Psychiatria Polska. 24(4):1-6, 1990. In the Department of Psychiatry, Medical Academy in Gdansk, 2797 psychotic patients were hospitalized in the years from 1976 to 1986. In addition to the diagnosis of psychosis in 207 cases (7.4%) the organic brain damage was diagnosed: 114 women and 93 men. 157 patients (75.8%) were aged 50-60 years. Following factors underwent the analysis: psychopathology, diagnostic categories of organic brain damage, dependency between psychosis and organic damage, the causes of damage, and the diagnostic procedures leading to the diagnosis. Depression was diagnosed in 57.6% of patients. Psychoses with qualitative disturbances of consciousness were second frequent diagnostic category. Schizophrenia, schizophreniform syndromes and mania were less frequently diagnosed. The diagnostic categories of organic brain damage were: organic background, organic brain damage, dementia, encephalopathy, character disorders , oligophrenia, frontal lobe syndrome, organic defect. The organic brain syndrome was diagnosed primarily on the basis of psychopathology. The analysis do not allow the univocal interpretation of the importance of organic brain changes in psychotic patients.

Grzywa A. Katedry i Kliniki Psychiatrii AM w Lublinie. [Delusions in organic syndromes].[39]Psychiatria Polska. 24(4):35-43, 1990.

Banas A. Katedry i I Kliniki Chorob Psychicznych AM w Gdansku. [Paranoid syndrome in a patient with intracranial tumor].Psychiatria Polska. 24(5):53-6, 1990.

Bidzan L. Kowalczuk-Zieleniec E. Motak E. II Kliniki Chorob Psychicznych AM w Gdansku. [Familial occurrence of Alzheimer's disease].Psychiatria Polska. 24(5):57-60, 1990.

Magiera P. Badzio-Jagiello H. Katedry i I Kliniki Chorob Psychicznych AM w Gdansku. [Analysis of the structure of admissions and the course of hospitalization ofdrug addicts treated at the I Clinic for Mental Diseases, Medical Academy, inGdansk 1982-1988. ].Psychiatria Polska. 24(6):1-7, 1990. The structure of admissions and the course of hospitalization were evaluated in the group of 78 (48 men, 30 women) with diagnosis of psychoactive substance dependence hospitalized in the Ist Clinic of Psychiatry in Gdansk during the period of 1982-88. The mean duration of hospitalization lasted 24 days. The most numerous (59%) group of opioid dependent patients was characterized by the shortest time of hospitalization. The longest duration of the abstinence symptoms was observed in the group of multiple-substance+ dependent patients. 62% of them were taking the drugs during hospitalization. In the group of euphoria + there was a positive correlation between the period of abstinence symptoms and a duration of hospitalization. Half of the patients discontinued hospitalization before the end of therapy. The abstinence symptoms were treated with neuroleptics, clomethiazole and subcomatic insulin.

Tomaszewicz-Libudzic C. Mierzewska-Rzeszot H. Popielarska M. Kliniki Psychiatrii Instytutu Pediatrii A.M. w Warszawie. [Neurological and mental disorders in children with acquired toxoplasmosis].Psychiatria Polska. 24(6):70-5, 1990.

Kostowski W. Plaznik A. Zakladu Farmakologii i Fizjologii Ukladu Nerwowego, Instytutu Psychiatrii iNeurologii w Warszawie. [Current concepts of the effects of neuroleptics].[34]Psychiatria Polska. 24(5):28-37, 1990.

Galuszko P. Afeltowicz Z. Januszkiewicz-Grabias A. Trojanowski L. [Questionnaire studies of the effectiveness of atropine coma in patientstreated at the I Clinic for Mental Diseases, Medical Academy, in Gdansk1979-1987. ].Psychiatria Polska. 24(6):8-11, 1990. The questionnaire follow-up study of 86 patients treated with atropine comas in the Ist Clinic of Psychiatry, Medical Academy in Gdansk was carried out. 47 patients (62%) responded to the questionnaire. The atropine coma was estimated as the best tolerated method of treatment by 33 responders. The study confirm therapeutic efficiency of atropine coma in obsessive-compulsive neurosis and anancastic syndrome.

Chimiak-Drozdzowska E. Rybakowski J. Katedry i Kliniki Psychiatrii AM w Bydgoszczy. [Meige syndrome --clinical picture and pathogenetic and therapeutic concepts.Case report].Psychiatria Polska. 24(6):76-81, 1990.

Rysz A. Gajkowski K. Werkowicz-Pelczyk D. Kliniki Neurologii IMK MSW w Warszawie. [Dynamics of the electroencephalographic changes in lithium carbonatepoisoning].Psychiatria Polska. 24(6):65-9, 1990.

Krzekotowska K. Instytutu Badania Prawa Sadowego Ministerstwa Sprawiedliwosci w Warszawie. [Involuntary commitment in Polish law].Psychiatria Polska. 24(6):58-64, 1990.

Szelenberger W. Kliniki Psychiatrycznej AM w Warszawie. [Pharmacoencephalography: current knowledge and prospects].[28]Psychiatria Polska. 24(6):52-7, 1990.

Terminska K. Terminska K. Zakladu Jezykoznawstwa Ogolnego Uniwersytetu Slaskiego w Katowicach. [Hermeneutics as an instrument of interpretation of various behavioralsymptoms].[20]Psychiatria Polska. 24(6):46-51, 1990.

Strzyzewski W. Szajnerman Z. Chlopocka-Wozniak M. Zelechowska-Ruda E. Jaracz J. Katedry i Kliniki Psychiatrii AM w Poznaniu. [Lipid metabolism in depressive syndromes with the symptoms of disorders ofthe cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems during pharmacologicaltreatment].Psychiatria Polska. 24(6):32-40, 1990. Rheoencephalographic research had been performed in 30 subjects (mean age = = 57) suffering from both endogenous depression and cardiovascular disorder showing the disturbance of lipid metabolism. The result of the reg assessment confirmed our previous observations pointing to existence of the cerebral blood flow disturbances in these patients: shorter time of the propagation of the wave (Ra) suggesting higher tonus of the precerebral arteries, shorter time of the period (b) pointing to an acceleration of the heart rhythm and the lower value of the ratio Hmax/hd pointing to the higher tonus of the intracerebral arteries. The rheoencephalographic indices correlated with the lipid metabolism parameters, especially with total lipids, HDL and LDL-cholesterol fractions. The results point to the need for simultaneous using both antidepressant and prophylactic anti-atherosclerotic therapy in these patients.

Rosnowska M. Langer D. Cendrowski W. Zakladu Biochemii Instytutu Psychiatrii i Neurologii w Warszawie. [Serum levels of lipid peroxides in alcoholics].Psychiatria Polska. 24(6):26-31, 1990. Serum lipid peroxidases (LPx) concentration was assayed in the following groups: 25 patients with diagnosis of acute alcohol intoxication, 20 patients during alcohol abstinence and 30 healthy control individuals. In 25 patients the assessments were carried out twice: before and on the 3-7 day of detoxification. The serum LPx had been significantly higher in all patients during the acute intoxication period (4.33 +/- 0.20 nmol/l; p less than 0.01). In 38% of them the LPx concentration was falling down after detoxication. There were no difference in LPx concentration between the group of abstinents and the healthy controls. The results point to dependence between clinical state of alcoholics and serum LPx level.

Rzewuska M. Gorski M. Samodzielnej Pracowni Farmakoterapii Instytutu Psychiatrii i Neurologii wWarszawie. [Consistency in the evaluation of mental status of patients with diagnoseddelusional schizophrenia and depression].Psychiatria Polska. 24(6):12-8, 1990. The dispersion of the AMDP scores was compared. Each of 10 patients was evaluated by a group of 5-9 physicians. There were 20 physicians who took part in the study. The scale items evaluated in paranoid and depressive syndromes with very high and very low level of agreement were analyzed. The comparison of the ratings by different physicians indicates that a long professional training in psychiatry facilitates more precise diagnosis of formal thought disorders and increases tolerability towards schizophrenic emotional disturbances. During the consecutive evaluations the reliability was improving. The divergences concerned the scale items difficult to separate (severe hypochondriacal symptoms and hypochondriacal delusions) and the difficulties in rating of subjective symptoms. In depressive syndromes the rating discrepancies concerned an overestimation of the first rank symptoms and also an interchangeable coding of some symptoms as well as a difficulty to grade some symptoms. The comparison of the score dispersion width seems to be a good measure of reliability of psychopathological scales. Using the AMDP scale it is important to analyze presence and severity of individual symptoms, not a group of them.

Bidzan L. Debski L. II Kliniki Chorob Psychicznych AM w Gdansku. [Pathomechanisms of hallucinations--selected views].[33]Psychiatria Polska. 24(5):46-52, 1990.

Swiecicki L. II Kliniki Psychiatrycznej Instytutu Psychiatrii i Neurologii w Warszawie. [Seasonal affective disorder and phototherapy].Psychiatria Polska. 24(5):38-45, 1990.

Zych F. Zgirski L. Krowicki Z. Urban S. Sadowska-Krowicka H. II Katedry i Zakladu Patofizjologii Sl. A.M. w Katowicach. [Correlation of the results of neurotensin therapy and plasma levels inparanoid schizophrenia].Psychiatria Polska. 24(5):23-7, 1990. The subjects were 21 paranoid schizophrenic patients (10 women, 11 men). The average duration of illness was 4.5 years. The severity of psychopathological symptoms was evaluated using BPRS-LA before and on 7 and 21 day of trifluoperazine therapy (60 mg per os). Simultaneously plasma neurotensin (NT) level was determined by radioimmunologic method. In 11 patients a considerable improvement was obtained, in 7 cases there were only a minimal changes, in remaining 2 a worsening of symptoms was observed. The plasma neurotensin changes were of minimal value and did not correspond to clinical symptoms and diagnosis.

Puzynski S. Kalinowski A. Bidzinska E. Beresewicz M. II Kliniki Psychiatrycznej Instytutu Psychiatrii i Neurologii w Warszawie. [Drug resistance and various selected demographic and clinicalcharacteristics of patients with endogenous depression].Psychiatria Polska. 24(5):16-22, 1990. The influence of some selected demographic and clinical characteristics on the formation of resistance to antidepressant drugs were studied in the group of 115 patients with affective disorders. Drug resistance occurs as frequently in women as in men. It appears much frequently in patients after 40 (about 30%). Persons under 30 are not or very rarely affected. Type I of bipolar affective disorder and the occurrence of affective disorder in relatives are positive prognostic factors. The long relapses (greater than 20 weeks) are of the worse prognostic value than shorter ones (less than 3 months). Previous poor efficiency of antidepressant drugs predicts very often an identical response during current episode. Alcohol abuse is an unfavourable prognostic factor in men with endogenous depression.

Majkowicz M. de Walden-Galuszko K. Landenberger-Leo E. Majkowicz H. Katedry i I Kliniki Chorob Psychicznych AM w Gdansku. [Evaluation of psychomotor performance of professionally active alcoholics].Psychiatria Polska. 24(5):10-5, 1990. The subjects were 100 alcohol addicted persons and 117 non-addicted (according to CAGE criteria). The sociodemographic characterization of each person was done. The parameters of psychomotor performance were estimated: the simple reaction time task, the simple performance test, the tapping test and a visual-motoric coordination. The following conclusions were established: 1) the alcohol addiction makes the psychomotoric performance worse, 2) the CAGE test is proposed to be included as a routine method to qualify for a job demanding high psychomotor performance, 3) the persons suspected of alcohol addiction should be sent to the specialist +psychotechnical examinations, 4) the building trade workers are the high risk group for alcohol addiction.

Masiak M. Perzynski J. Nagay J. Marmurowska-Michalowska H. Olajossy M. Wysocka A. Katedry i Kliniki Psychiatrii AM w Lublinie. [Comparative studies of various clinical and psychopharmacological parametersof schizoaffective psychosis and paranoid schizophrenia].Psychiatria Polska. 24(5):1-9, 1990. Two groups of male patients were investigated: 19 subjects with diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia and 13 with schizoaffective psychosis (8 with both depressive and paranoid symptoms, 5 with manic and paranoid). All patients were treated with perazine in this same manner. During the consecutive stages of therapy the following parameters were examined and compared: clinical symptoms, DBH activity, plasma prolactin concentration and the simple reaction time task to auditory and visual stimuli. The noticeable changes, similarities and differences were described.

Bomba J. Kurzydlo B. Kliniki Psychiatrii Dzieci i Mlodziezy Katedry Psychiatrii Akademii Medycznejim. Mikolaja Kopernika w Krakowie. [Biological, psychological and social development and the occurrence ofdepressive disorders in children and adolescents].Psychiatria Polska. 24(4):7-14, 1990. The aim of the epidemiologic studies on depression in children and adolescents is to elucidate the nature of the disorder, in particular to verify the hypothesis of the dependence between the nature of adolescence and the occurrence of depression. Subjects with depressive features were identified from the representative sample of junior-school population, as well as from the early- and middle adolescents. The data regarding the course of the development of depressive and non-depressive probands obtained from parents interview were compared. Significant differences were found in the course of the development of depressive and non-depressive children as well as probands in the middle phase of the adolescence. There were no specific features in the course of the development in juvenile patients with the onset of depression in the early adolescence phase. Therefore, depression is more frequent among children in whom the early biological and social development is more disturbed. The infantile central nervous system's damage causes higher risk for depression in childhood. Depression in the early adolescence phase may be recognized as a specific developmental reaction, possibly connected with psychoendocrinologic puberty crisis. The onset of depression in the middle adolescent phase is connected with the difficulties of realization of developmental tasks. The infantile central nervous system's damage increases the risk for depression in that particular phase of life.

Jakubik A. Budna A. Gapinska E. Lepianka I. II Kliniki Psychiatrycznej Instytutu Psychiatrii i Neurologii w Warszawie. [The "ego" structure in paranoid schizophrenia].Psychiatria Polska. 24(4):30-4, 1990. Using the Ego-Strength Scale by F. Barron, the Scale for Self-acceptance by A. J. Brzezinski, and Delta Questionnaire by R. Drwal, 206 paranoid schizophrenic in-patients and 126 healthy controls were studied. The study showed the weakness of feelings of identity among paranoid schizophrenics while the level of self-acceptance and the sense of control did not differ among groups studied.

de Walden-Galuszko K. Hospicjum, Gdansk. [Psychological syndrome in terminal-care patients--its characteristics andconditions of its occurrence].Psychiatria Polska. 24(4):25-9, 1990. The specific syndrome, called "psychoterminal syndrome" by the author is presented, and the circumstances leading to such a state are discussed. On the basis of observation of 30 patients in the terminal state, remaining under the hospice care in the years 1986. -1989.  it was found that psychoterminal syndrome is a specific neurotic syndrome observed in many patients in the terminal state. The syndrome is supposed to be a defensive reaction toward the stress in terminal situation. Immaturity and less advanced age of patients are the favourable factors for the appearance of psychoterminal syndrome.

Bomba J. Jaklewicz H. Kliniki Psychiatrii Dzieci i Mlodziezy Katedry Psychiatrii AM w Krakowie. [Depression in children at the beginning of school education. Prevalence ofthe phenomenon and its relation to the child's adaptive capacity].Psychiatria Polska. 24(4):15-9, 1990. Depression in children has an unfavourable influence on the psychosocial development of the individual, therefore it requires suitable therapeutic and prophylactic approach. The dependencies between school-age immaturity and the prevalence of depression in children were evaluated in the prospective study. The school maturity, and one year later the prevalence of depression were studied in a representative sample of 502 "0"-grade children from the large urban population. The school immaturity was found in 10.56% of probands. More common symptoms were: withdrawal and antisocial behaviour. Depression was found in 32.79% of first-grade students, more frequent children with adaptation difficulties, especially among school-immature boys. The premature biological development, the symptoms of organic brain damage, and low I.Q. do not explain sufficiently neither the school-immaturity nor the prevalence of depression in children. It was found that emotional and social immaturity to the school duties facilitates the onset of depression among I grade students, while the role of the family and school in the genesis of both phenomena studied requires further investigations.

Glowinska-Turos T. Karys W. Modzelewska I. Biblioteki Naukowej Instytutu Psychiatrii i Neurologii w Warszawie. [Polish psychiatric bibliography 1986. ].Psychiatria Polska. 24(3):231-58, 1990.

Puzynski S. Hauptmann M. Rode A. Kalinowski A. Bidzinska E. Beresewicz M. Bidzinski A. II Kliniki Psychiatrycznej Instytutu Psychiatrii i Neurologii w Warszawie. [Blood MAO/DBH index and the results of the treatment of endogenousdepression].Psychiatria Polska. 24(3):202-8, 1990. In the group of 115 endogenous depression patients 84 responded to tricyclic antidepressant medication and 31 remained drug-resistance. The changes of platelet MAO activity and serum DBH activity in the latter group were found. Among drug-resistant patients, 40% showed low MAO/DBH index (.6) and in 36% the index was within the medium range (.6-1.9). The low value of the index is predominantly connected with the increase of DBH and decrease of MAO activity, and it may become the potential predictive factor for the pharmacotherapy in endogenous depression. The results show the influence of the disturbances of catecholamines synthesis and degradation on the phenomenon of drug-resistance to tricyclic antidepressants.

Holyst B. Instytutu Problematyki Przestepczosci w Warszawie. [Statistical pattern of suicide in Poland and in various other countries].Psychiatria Polska. 24(2):89-99, 1990.

Falicki Z. [Alcoholism] [letter].Psychiatria Polska. 24(2):176, 1990.

Olajossy M. Gajewski J. Katedry i Kliniki Psychiatrii AM w Lublinie. [Induced psychosis--clinical and medico-legal aspects].Psychiatria Polska. 24(2):174-5, 1990.

Koszewska I. Sredniawa H. II Kliniki Psychiatrycznej Instytutu Psychiatrii i Neurologii w Warszawie. [Bulimia].[20]Psychiatria Polska. 24(2):165-71, 1990.

Czernikiewicz A. Katedry i Kliniki Psychiatrii AM w Lublinie. [Evaluation of language disorders in the group of patients with paranoidschizophrenia].Psychiatria Polska. 24(2):141-5, 1990.

Kwiatkowska G. Zakladu Psychologii Ogolnej Instytutu Psychologii UMCS w Lublinie. [Reception and evaluation of art therapy by patients with neuroses].Psychiatria Polska. 24(2):136-40, 1990. The reception of art therapy in neurotic patients as well as artistic training effectivity in patients subjective opinions were studied in 40 patients. The 17 sessions were studied in 40 patients. The 17 sessions of art therapy lasted 10 weeks. Every patient performed two kinds of artistic production with the use of art techniques by the instructor; this gave the total number of 14 art works. During the remaining 3 sessions the art technique was at choice. The result shows the heterogeneity of art therapy evaluation in patients opinions. The fact that patients were very interested in art performance as a form of therapy caused the preference of free choice of art techniques.

Dudarewicz D. Wiejskiego Osrodka Zdrowia w Berznikach. [Alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) among rural population of the healthcenter catchment area in Berzniki].Psychiatria Polska. 24(2):130-5, 1990. The Polish version of Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), the Alcohol Dependence Inventory, and clinical evaluation were made in the group of 61 male patients aged 18-65 years randomly selected from the population of County Health Center catchment area in Berzniki, province of Suwalki. The study showed a high prevalence of alcohol dependence syndrome in the group studied.

Weterle R. Rybakowski J. Katedry i Kliniki Psychiatrii AM w Bydgoszczy. [The niacin test in schizophrenia].Psychiatria Polska. 24(2):116-20, 1990. The niacin test (oral administration of 200 mg of nicotine acid) was done in 33 schizophrenics and 18 endogenous depressed drug-free patients in the presence of intense symptomatology. The erythema reaction was found in 25 schizophrenics (76%) and in all depressed patients. No significant differences in basal clinical features between schizophrenics with and without erythema reaction were found. The measurements of maximal increase of the left ear lap temperature after nicotine acid administration as well as time needed to note such increase did not show significant differences between schizophrenic patients with and without erythema reaction, and patients with endogenous depression. The results show a limited usefulness of the niacin test in schizophrenia. Nevertheless, the results suggest the possibility that among the small number of schizophrenics there is metabolic defect probably connected with the low activity of PGE1 prostaglandins.

Wasik A. Leszek J. Kiejna A. Juskowiak A. Katedry i Kliniki Psychiatrii Akademii Medycznej we Wroclawiu. [Evaluation of the effectiveness of electroshock therapy in patients withrefractory depression].Psychiatria Polska. 24(2):111-5, 1990. In the group of 35 in-patients (30 female, 5 male) from the Department of Psychiatry, Medical Academy in Wroclaw with depression resistant to antidepressive pharmacotherapy, the evaluation of ES therapy was made. The high efficacy (63% of full remissions) showed combined ES therapy with tricyclic antidepressants; only in 2 female and in 1 male patient there was no effect. At the same time neither serious side-effects nor complications were found, even in older patients.

Slowik S. Klinicznego Oddzialu Neurologicznego Wojskowego Szpitala Klinicznego wKrakowie. [The role of neuropeptides in memory processes].[39]Psychiatria Polska. 24(3):217-24, 1990.

Kowal-Gierczak B. Leszek J. Wasik A. Katedry i Kliniki Angiologii AM we Wroclawiu. [Neuro-psychiatric symptoms in systemic lupus erythematosus].[36]Psychiatria Polska. 24(3):225-30, 1990.

Kostowski W. Pucilowski O. Zakladu Farmakologii i Fizjologii Ukladu Nerwowego, Warszawie. [Central effect of calcium channel antagonists: new therapeutic possibilitiesin neurology and psychiatry?].[39]Psychiatria Polska. 24(3):209-16, 1990.

Stojek A. Madejski J. Dedelis E. Janicki K. Wojewodzkiego Osrodka Pomocy Spolecznej i Lecznictwa Odwykowego w Gorzycach. [Correction of the symptoms of late substance withdrawal syndrome byintra-conjunctival administration of 5% homatropine solution (preliminaryreport)].Psychiatria Polska. 24(3):195-201, 1990. The "late" or post-acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome (PAWs) is characterized by recurring waves of psychosomatic disturbances, and return for alcohol for the relief of these symptoms is a commonplace in many of abstinent alcoholics. However, the exact mechanism(s) is not fully known and there is no established any rapid treatment. We now have some data which seem to confirm our original and successful experience with local homatropine in clearly defined cases of the PAW syndrome. 28 alcoholic inpatients suffering from severe signs of the post-acute alcohol withdrawal (PAW) syndrome were randomly administered either homatropine hydrobromide or placebo eyedrops. Administration of topical homatropine (two 0.5% drops were given twice being spaced 15 minutes apart), unlike that of placebo had, within 60 minutes, caused a significant and then usually maintained clinical improvement, as evidenced by decreases of intensity of the PAW symptoms (irritability, depressed mood, anxiety, somatic and vegetative disorders (p less than or equal to 0.01), as well as a considerable reduction of the self-rated "desire for drink" phenomenon (less than or equal to 0.01). Post-homatropine responses observed so far seem to be initiated by the reflexory-induced haemodynamic and thermoregulatory changes with a transient but still significant fall in the systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and oral temperature. Of importance may be the fact that in majority of patients, the PAW symptoms decreased and well-being increased parallel with the fall in prolactin levels (p less than or equal to 0.01): this has usually been noted at 60 minutes after the first homatropine dosing and might indicate a possible involvement of, at least, the cholinergic-serotonergic pathways.(250 WORDS)

Jakubik A. Dudziak R. Karpiuk J. Kobrzynska E. Watras J. II Kliniki Psychiatrycznej Instytutu Psychiatrii i Neurologii w Warszawie. [Activation level and the mechanism of emotional control in patients withparanoid schizophrenia].Psychiatria Polska. 24(3):189-94, 1990. The group of 60 paranoid schizophrenics and pair-matched group of 60 healthy controls were studied. The level of activation was measured by LPT technique by R. E. Thayer, and J. Brzezinski's Questionnaire for Emotional Control was used. The results indicate no differences between the level of activation among paranoid schizophrenics and controls. Patients, in comparison to healthy subjects, showed low level of emotional control, undeveloped control of emotional expression, impulsiveness, the high threshold of emotional arousal, the lack of resistance to emotions, and low level of control of behaviour in emotional states.

Tomaszewicz-Libudzic C. Popielarska A. Golczyk-Wojnar A. Kliniki Psychiatrii Instytutu Pediatrii A. M. w Warszawie. [A case of endogenous reaction in mushroom poisoning].Psychiatria Polska. 24(2):171-3, 1990.

Lutynska E. II Kliniki Psychiatrycznej Instytutu Psychiatrii i Neurologii w Warszawie. [AIDS--psychiatric problems].[14]Psychiatria Polska. 24(2):160-4, 1990.

Kasperowicz-Dabrowiecka A. Rybakowski J. Katedry i Kliniki Psychiatrii AM w Bydgoszczy. [Psychotropic effect of clonidine--the role of alpha 2 adrenergic receptorsin the pathogenesis of mental disorders].[40]Psychiatria Polska. 24(2):151-9, 1990.

Kocur J. Duszyk S. Zakladu Psychofarmakologii Klinicznej IHP WAM w Lodzi. [Substance dependence and sanity].Psychiatria Polska. 24(2):146-50, 1990.

Ziolkowski M. Krzysztoszek L. Rybakowski J. Katedry i Kliniki Psychiatrii AM w Bydgoszczy. [Biochemical markers in relation to the degree of alcohol dependence].Psychiatria Polska. 24(2):121-9, 1990. In 93 alcohol dependent patients following laboratory tests were done: gamma-glutamic transpeptidase (GGTP), aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT), mean erythrocyte volume (MCV), triglycerides (TGL), and HDL-cholesterol to whole-cholesterol ratio (HDLC%). The psychometric evaluation was made by MAST questionnaire and by authors clinical scale for the evaluation of alcohol dependence. Lover values of GGTP and SGOT were shown in patients during abstinence than in subjects continuing drinking. Patients more severely dependent showed higher HDLC%. The more frequent abnormalities reflected: GGTP (33.7%), MCV (33.7%), and HDLC (31.4%). The use of these 3 markers allowed to reveal abnormalities in 72.1% of subjects, while the use of all 5 markers - in 81.4%. The identification significance of markers was different in persons with more and less severe alcohol dependence. Three most sensible markers in the group of less dependent subjects were GGTP, MCV, TGL (60% of subjects showed abnormalities regarding these markers). Among more severe dependent subjects HDLC%, GGTP, and MCV were most sensible markers (78.4% of abnormalities). Using all 5 markers the abnormalities in the group of less severe dependent subjects were found in 71.4%, and in the group of more severe dependent patients--in 88.2%.

Jarema M. Z Samodzielnej Pracowni Psychopatologii InstytutuNeurologiczno-Psychiatrycznego, PAM w Szczecinie. [Neurologic changes in the white matter of the brain in dementia].Psychiatria Polska. 24(2):100-10, 1990. Neuroradiologic white-matter lesions (WML) found in CT and NMR were evaluated in 30 demented patients and 12 dementia-free subjects aged over 65 years. NMR revealed more WML signs than CT. All NMR results of demented patients demonstrated abnormalities (brain atrophy and/or WML), while 15.4% patients with dementia had normal CT scan. WML in CT were found more often among male than female demented patients. No dependence between the intensity of dementia symptoms, age of subjects, age of onset of cognitive impairment, risk for vascular diseases, and the presence of WML in CT and NMR was found.

Stefanowicz P. II Kliniki Chorob Psychicznych AM w Gdansku. [Preliminary results of treatment with clozapine and lithium carbonate formanic symptoms in schizoaffective psychosis].Psychiatria Polska. 24(1):27-30, 1990.

Twardowska-Hauser J. Katedry i Kliniki Psychiatrii AM w Poznaniu. [Comparison of diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders based onL.I.C.E.T-D 100].Psychiatria Polska. 24(1):8-14, 1990. Many authors underline that the investigations on depressive patients regard non-homogeneous groups of subjects because no unique, widely accepted diagnostic system exists. The aim of the work was to compare seven diagnostic systems (based on L.I.C.E.T-D) as well as to evaluate in to what extend the results obtained in different centers are comparable with each other. Thirty in-patients with depression were included. The results show the range of the diagnosis of depression (psychogenic and endogenous) in bipolar disorder reflects major depression in DSM-III, RDC, primary depression by Feighner, and endogenomorphic depression by Kleist and Berner as well.

Gromska J. Stefanowicz P. [Clinical evaluation of "Pabel" type ES-1 electroshock needles].Psychiatria Polska. 24(1):79-80, 1990.

Jakitowicz J. Pankiewicz P. Wichowicz H. Katedry i I Kliniki Chorob Psychicznych AM w Gdansku. [Acquired immune deficiency syndrome as a subject of various mentaldisorders].Psychiatria Polska. 24(1):76-8, 1990.

Janczur-Bidzan M. Specjalistycznego Neurologiczno-Psychiatrycznego ZOZ w Gdansku. [Unusual self mutilation in a patient with schizophrenia].Psychiatria Polska. 24(1):73-5, 1990.

Rutkowski R. Kliniki Psychiatrii Sadowej Instytutu Psychiatrii i Neurologii w Warszawie. [Dilemmas of forensic psychiatry in penal law].[35]Psychiatria Polska. 24(1):65-72, 1990.

Walentynowicz A. II Kliniki Chorob Psychicznych AM w Gdansku. [Definitions, diagnostic criteria and treatment trials of borderlinepersonality disorders].[34]Psychiatria Polska. 24(1):55-64, 1990.

Tyra TL. Kliniki Chorob Psychicznych Akademii Medycznej w Bialymstoku. [Paradigmatic behavioral theory of depression by Arthur w. Staats and ElaineM. Heiby].[22]Psychiatria Polska. 24(1):45-53, 1990.

Kowalczuk-Zieleniec E. II Kliniki Chorob Psychicznych AM w Gdansku. [Diagnostic criteria and clinical course of multi-infarct dementia]. [19]Psychiatria Polska. 24(1):36-44, 1990.

Sidorowicz S. Kliniki Psychiatrycznej AM we Wroclawiu. [The reversibility of brain atrophy in alcoholics in radiologic evaluations]. [28]Psychiatria Polska. 24(1):31-5, 1990.

Galuszko P. Landowski J. Nowicki Z. Galewska D. Krzysztofik M. Lamparska E. Trojanowski L. Zakowski W. 1. Katedry i I Kliniki Chorob Psychicznych AM w Gdansku. [Depressive symptoms in alcohol dependent subjects].Psychiatria Polska. 24(1):23-6, 1990. In the presence of contradictory estimations of frequency of depression among alcoholics, 84 in-patients from Department of Psychiatry, Medical Academy in Gdansk, and from psychiatric hospitals in Starogard Gdanski and in Frombork were studied; 64 were male and 22 female. The RDC criteria as well as SADS-L were used. In 13 subjects (15.5%) past depressive episodes were diagnosed; among them in 7 patients major depression, and in 6--minor depressive disorders were established. The diagnosis of bipolar disorder was made in 2 patients and unipolar--in 4 cases. In a half of patients the affective disorders preceded the alcohol initiation.

Bilikiewicz A. Bidzan L. II Kliniki Chorob Psychicznych A.M. w Gdansku. [Dependence on serum cortisol level or the severity of intellectualimpairment in primary degenerative dementias].Psychiatria Polska. 24(1):2-7, 1990. Basal serum cortisol level was measured in patients with primary degenerative dementia. The diagnosis of primary degenerative dementia was made by the DSM-III-R criteria, and the severity of dementia was measured by use the Rosen et. al. scale. Additionally, the presence of depressive and paraphrenia syndromes was evaluated. The Hamilton scale was used for the evaluation of depression severity. Cortisol level was measured by radioimmune assay. Sixty three patients, 39 female and 24 male, were evaluated. The mean age for women was 69.54 and for men 71 years. Patients were divided into 3 groups: I--simple dementia, II--dementia with depression, III--dementia with paraphrenia. Positive correlation was found between basal cortisol level and the severity of dementia only in group I. Mean cortisol level in patients from group II and III was significantly different than in group I. Among female patients with depression the negative correlation between cortisol level and severity of dementia was found; no other correlations were proved. No correlation was found between the cortisol level and severity of dementia in Hamilton's scale.

Linka M. Rybakowski J. Katedry i Kliniki Psychiatrii AM w Bydgoszczy. [Usefulness of standardized psychometric scales (BPRS, HDS)in the evaluationof schizophrenic symptoms (preliminary report)].Psychiatria Polska. 24(1):15-22, 1990. The psychometric investigation using BPRS and HDS was made in 27 schizophrenics in both acute and remission phase. The control group consisted of 22 depressive patients. The schizophrenic patients showed significant higher score of 9 BPRS items respecting schizophrenia subscale of BPRS in Beech's modification. Among acute schizophrenic the significant correlation was found between the intensity of positive (productive) and negative (defective) symptoms. No correlation was found between the severity of depression in HDS, severity of positive/negative symptoms, and global BPRS score. Among schizophrenics during remission both total severity in BPRS and negative symptoms subscale score correlated significantly with the intensity of symptoms in Hamilton's scale. The results were confronted with the last data from the literature. The results show the usefulness of these scales for the diagnosis of schizophrenia and for the evaluation of importance of positive/negative symptoms in the course of schizophrenia.